Ironies of Emancipation Essay Example for Free

Ironies of Emancipation Essay The article â€Å"Ironies of Emancipation: Changing Configurations of Women’s Work in the ‘Mission of Sisterhood’ to Indian Women† by Jane Haggis is an article that was written from a feminist perspective to ask specific questions about how the influence of the mission of sisterhood either helped or hurt Indian women in the 1800’s. The author takes the position that Indian women were confined to marriages more acutely because of the presence of female missionaries in India. The author points out that the female missionaries became almost a â€Å"symbol of emancipation in terms of British imperial feminism† and for this reason alone, the Indian population was unhappy with the way the females presented themselves and did not change (Haggis123). The missionary work, in of itself, was â€Å"women’s work† and was a way in which the British women were able to exert their own independence while doing the will of God. This article focuses a great deal on how the religion of the time affected the way in which British and Indian women communicated and interacted with each other and was a reason for the outcome, either the failure or the accomplishments, of the Mission of Sisterhood. The author describes how these women were expected to carry out their â€Å"women’s work† despite the domestic duties that were expected of a Victorian wife and mother, mostly because in Travencore women had a different role in terms of motherhood because their children were often sent away to school to get a proper British education. This left them able to pursue other duties, such as their mission to the Indian women (Haggis 119). This article makes a lot of good points about how British women were involved in missionary work in India in Victorian times and explains their role in their society, both at home and abroad. It’s interesting to note that the Indian women were perhaps kept back because of the influence of these women on their culture, instead of being converted. Work Cited Haggis, Jane. Ironies of Emancipation: Changing Configurations of Womens Work in the Mission of Sisterhood to Indian Women. Feminist Review 65 (2000): 108-126. JSTOR. 5 Feb. 2007.

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Using Xervmon for planning and provisioning redundancy across multiple availability zones The cost of downtime Downtime costs enterprises money, in fact a great deal of money. The actual cost depends on the industry, but on average the revenue losses amount to between $84,000 and $108,000 for every hour of unplanned downtime. That isn’t the only loss; on to that you need to add the intangible costs of the impact of downtime on reputation and loyalty. Managing downtime There is a big difference between scheduled and unscheduled downtime. Scheduled downtime is necessary in order to perform maintenance such as software patches, system configuration changes and database and hardware maintenance. Unscheduled downtime occurs typically as the result of hardware or software failure or an event such as a power cut or environmental catastrophe. High availability Designing a system for high availability is problematic. Increasing system complexity increases the number of possible failure points. Simply installing internal hardware redundancy isn’t an answer as it means that the whole system must be taken down for maintenance. It is necessary so design the system so that it can be maintained without affecting service availability. Such a management tool needs to satisfy three criteria: high availability, fault tolerance and scalability. High availability implies that the uptime of an application is 99.9999%, which is often termed â€Å"five nines†. It equates to a maximum downtime of 5.26 minutes a year which includes both planned and unplanned outages or downtime. Of course the ultimate goal is an application that has no downtime at all and is always available. Xervmon Solution: Users can now unleash the power of visualized deployments with ... ... have been restored. ELB and Auto Scaling combine ideally: ELB gives a single DNS name for addressing and auto scaling ensures there is always the right number of healthy Amazon EC2 instances to accept requests. Fault Tolerance Building fault-tolerant applications on Amazon EC2 requires that the best practices are followed, for instance: †¢ Commission replacement instances rapidly †¢ Amazon EBS should be used for persistent storage †¢ Multiple Availability Zones along with elastic IP addresses. Multi AZ architecture By distributing applications geographically one can achieve greater fault tolerance. As the Amazon EC2 commitment is 99.95% availability for every EC2 Region, it is essential to deploy applications across multiple AZs. Redundant instances are placed in distinct AZs and ELB will automatically balance traffic across multiple instances and multiple AZs.

Shaping Identity Using Social Structure

INTRODUCTION Social structure and social interaction are integral in evaluating a person’s identity. Identities are the sets of meanings people hold for themselves that define â€Å"what it means† to be who they are as persons, as role occupants and as group members (PJB article) People are generally influenced by the norms and beliefs of society. A person’s identity is formed through a combination of factors derived from social structure (macrosociology) and social interaction (microsociology).The self influences society through the actions of individuals thereby creating groups, organizations, networks, and institutions (PJB a soiciological approach to self and identity). Reciprocally, society influences the self through its shared language and meanings that enable a person to take the role of the other, engage in social interaction, and reflect upon oneself as an object. (PJB, a sociological approach to self and identity). This essay explores how components of social structure can be more important in shaping an individual identity than social interaction.PARAGRAPH 1 (Definitions& Context) Social structure refers to the framework that surrounds us, consisting of the relationships of people and groups, which gives direction to and sets limits on behaviour. (Sociology, A Down to Earth Approach SDEA) K Plummer defines social structures as the patterns of predictable human actions that cluster around key problems in living and they vary in all societies. Social structure is all around us and is what helps to dictate our behaviour and keep our life in order.It sets the scene for an individual to behave and act appropriately in different settings at different times. Social structure is made up of culture, social class, social status, roles, groups and social institutions (SDEA). Social interaction is the way that people interact with one another (SDEA). According to K Plummer, human beings engage continually in social action and interaction wi th others – changing their own lives and others. We are never solitary individuals and always depend on others for a sense of who we are (K Plummer).A person’s action is influenced by the actions or awareness of others. Social interaction includes stereotypes, personal space, touching, eye contact, smiling, applied body language, dramaturgy, role performance, conflict and strain (SDEA). The difference between social structure and social interaction is that social structure provides a guide to everyday life and social interaction provides a meaning of sense (ref)? PARAGRAPH 2 Social status refers to a position that someone occupies (SDEA). Statuses can be prestigious or less prestigious and range from mother, daughter, spouse, lawyer to criminal.Most individuals are found to occupy several statuses simultaneously thus giving us the term ‘status set’(SDEA). For example, an individual can take on the status of mother, wife, employee and friend. Out of all the statuses we occupy, there is one significant status that tends to override all the other statuses one may occupy, this is termed as a ‘master status’ (SDEA). Status can be further divided into two types, ‘achieved status’ and ‘ascribed status’. To illustrate ‘achieved status’, Usain Bolt is best known for being the fastest man in the world.We see him as a 26 year old Jamaican track and field athlete, a son and brother, but ever since winning both 100 meter and 200 meter races in the London 2012 Olympics, his achievements has earned him that title. ‘Achieved status’ can be both positive and negative (SDEA). By contrast, factors that are involuntary and inherited such as race, sex, family social class, is known as ‘ascribed status’ (SDEA). These factors are usually beyond our control. As life brings change, so too do our statuses. It is constantly evolving according to changes and stages in life.Despite our state of affairs, it is our status that guides our behaviour. For instance, a colleague may turn up to work one day after facing some difficulties at home, however in a work environment, he would continue to work and behave in a professional manner regardless of his personal situations. In addition, individuals can also reinforce their identity by using status symbols in as part of their appearance. This can be in the form of a work uniform to signify an occupation, or in a fashion sense, the type of clothing worn is a silent statement of what sets you apart from others.PARAGRAPH 3 As Linton states, â€Å"a person holds a status, and performs a role†. Simply put, a status is a position and a role is a set of behaviours. With each status, follows a certain role for us to take part in. People tend to adapt to roles, moving through different roles in fluency as student, son, friend. Because people tend to have many different statuses and therefore, many different roles, conflic t occasionally occurs among the various roles. The concept of role conflict is â€Å"conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses† (ref).A good example of role conflict lies in the working mother; she must take on the responsibilities of mothering the children at home while taking on the responsibilities of working outside the home, away from the children, in order to earn an income (RR). This kind of conflict involves roles which arise from separate statuses, but the same sort of conflict can occur from the roles of a single status. Role strain, then, is â€Å"tension among the roles connected to a single status†. A teacher, for example, can be friendly with his or her students, but must remain objective in grading them.Roles help to keep our behaviour aligned to our particular status. Roles are an essential component of social structure because they lay out what is expected of people. Role performance is the way in which someone performs a role, showing a particular ‘style’ or ‘personality’ (SDEA). Role performance allows us our own unique individuality to show through. PARAGRAPH 4 â€Å"Knowledge is power, information is liberating, education is the premise of progress in every society in every family†. These famous words quoted by Kofi Annan refer to a few social institutions that are a part of social structure.Social instituitions consist of family, religion, education, economics, medicine, politics, law, science, military and mass media (SDEA). Each one functions separately but together they enable society to maintain order and create a sense of community. The mass media influences our attitudes toward social issues, the ways that we view other people and even our self-concept (SDEA). Information in the media can be extremely persuasive, it can easily alter our perception if we are not careful or have very little experience in the topic of interest. They not only provide information and recreat ion but also mould public opinion and attitudes.The information and knowledge which we accumulate through life from media is part of creating an identity for ourselves. To demonstrate, smoking advertisements have been around to promote awareness and advises us of serious health implications. However, today’s youth may view it differently and partake in it because of peer pressure. On the other hand, media can also bring nations together when there is an important event such as the Olympics, press conferences and so on (RR). The topic of religion is another social institution as it involves patterns of beliefs and behavior that help a society meet its basic needs (steven Burkan).Emile Durkheim (1915/1947) [1] observed long ago that every society has beliefs about things that are supernatural and awe-inspiring and beliefs about things that are more practical and down-to-earth (Durkheim, E. (1947). The elementary forms of religious life (J. Swain, Trans. ). Glencoe, IL: Free Pre ss. (Original work published 1915)). Religion teaches us to practise a way of life that is fulfilling for self and others, thus enabling individuals to become better people. This can also create a meaning of identity for some. The other social institutions such as education, politics, law and the military keeps society safe and in order.They inform us of rules and regulations so that society can function and maintain order. Each social institution establish the context which we live, shaping our behaviour and colouring our thoughts. (SDEA). Social institutions form the pillars of society, they are not only a set of rules, but markers for society to develop an identity that is aligned with culture. CONCLUSION Which is more important in shaping individual identity? Studies of social structure attempt to explain the significance of shaping one’s identity and in combination play a vital role in defining an individual.It is the content, which provides a way of making sense of who we are. This provides development to an identity which individuals are embedded in and therefore understood, communicated, and shared with others in culture. For example, individuals can define their identity upon meeting someone for the first time by describing what they do, where they are from or whether or not they are in a relationship. Social structure as we can see today can shape opinions, attitudes and thought which leads us to our behaviour and thus our identity.

Privacy Rights Moral And Legal Foundations - 1312 Words

What role, if any, do social norms and/or morals play in shaping privacy rights and/or expectations? It is understood that there are a number of definitions of privacy. Intellectuals have published works with varying content throughout the years. In 1890, Warren and Brandeis’ article gathered that privacy is the â€Å"right to be let alone† (Samuel Warren). Additionally, William Parent suggested that â€Å"privacy is the condition of not having undocumented personal knowledge about one possessed by others† (Moore, Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations). On the other hand, Julie Inness illustrated that privacy is â€Å"the state of possessing control over a realm of intimate decisions, which include decisions about intimate access, intimate information and intimate actions† (Moore, Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations). Although the definitions vary, the observations and publications regarding privacy indicate that individuals have the right to privacy, along with its protection. More importantly, how do we decide what these privacy r ights entail and what principles should be incorporated under its protection? The understanding of one’s privacy and what should be protected is rooted in a society’s moral and social norms. What a culture does out of habit or custom and what their environment was like at the time, eventually shape how they view privacy as well as the laws they create. First, norms and habits undergo certain changes through the political, social,Show MoreRelatedPrivacy Rights : Moral And Legal Foundations1584 Words   |  7 Pagesnumber of definitions of privacy. Intellectuals have published works with varying content throughout the years. In 1890, Warren and Brandeis’ article gathered that privacy is the â€Å"right to be let alone† (Samuel Warren). Additionally, William Parent suggested that â€Å"privacy is the condition of not having undocumented personal knowledge about one possessed by others† (Moore, Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations). On t he other hand, Julie Inness illustrated that privacy is â€Å"the state of possessingRead MoreTechnologys Impact On Technology And The Use Of Technology1408 Words   |  6 Pagesconsiderable ethical repercussions which may even result in customers’ backlash. â€Å"The negativities may result from deceptive practices, privacy invasion, breaches of confidentiality through sharing of information.† (Foley, 2006) 1. Organizational personal viewpoints regarding issues of privacy and the exchange of information: Organizations provide that privacy is a high-profile public policy issue which affects various stakeholders such as consumers and marketers. Organizations customarily haveRead MoreApplying Ethical Frameworks in Parctice1027 Words   |  5 Pageshealth. 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ThereforeRead MoreThe Act Of The United States1448 Words   |  6 Pagesrelied on religion when it inserted that murder was illegal based on the 6th Commandment which states that â€Å"Thou shall not Kill.† Obviously understanding that there had to be a moral background to all laws made and enacted. Seen as an admonition against murder, the sixth commandment of ten forms the philosophical foundation for arguments against suicide, capital punishment, abortion, euthanasia, war, and any other situation where one person might be inclined to take the life of another. The FourteenthRead More Abortion: I Am Pro-Choice Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pages The foundation of the American Government is built on two ideologies; first, that the majority of the people govern through democratic election and second, that the power of the majority is limited to ensure individual rights. 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